Wymysorys

In there were about 70 native wymysorys Wymysorys, wymysorys, the majority of whom were elderly. Wymysorys is not mutually intelligible with Standard German. The ancestors of the people of Wilamowice migrated to Poland during the 13th century from German, Flanders and Scotland. However, they deny wymysorys with Germany.

Photo by Amy Humphries on Unsplash. It is a highly endangered language with a limited number of speakers. The exact number of Wymysorys speakers is difficult to determine, but estimates suggest that there are around 70 to fluent speakers. The language has experienced a decline in usage over the years, primarily due to the influence of Polish and the migration of the Wymysorys community. Wymysorys has its origins in the Middle Ages when a group of German settlers known as the Vlach Walachian Germans migrated to the region of Wilamowice. The language developed as a distinct Germanic dialect with influences from the surrounding Slavic languages.

Wymysorys

By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. To browse Academia. The classification of Wymysorys is a contentious issue and one that has been the focus of much of the scholarly work on the language over the past century. Historically Wymysorys has been grouped alongside languages such as Modern German as an Irminonic Language; this classification however, has been made largely without consideration of the phonological and morphological character of the language. The classification of Wymysorys as an Irminonic language is at odds with folk-history of the last Wilamowiceans, who variously claim to be descendant of Frisian, Flemish or Scottish settlers, a claim that has yet to be investigated on the basis of the genetic origins of the phonological and morphological innovations of Wymysorys. This will be the focus of this paper. Chapter 1 examines the current classification of Wymysorys as well as a brief linguistic and ethnological history of the language. Chapter 2 introduces current theories on the disposition of West Germanic, placing Wymysorys within this broader context. Chapters 3 and 4 comprise the bulk of this paper, focusing on the phonological and morphological innovations of Wymysorys. Alexander Andrason. In most cases, the surplus of complexity attested is attributed to contact with the dominant language, Polish. Tom Kamusella.

Icelandic - English, English - Wymysorys. The classification and make-up of the varieties of West Germanic is discussed in greater detail in Chapter 2. Grubb, F, wymysorys.

Kacper is one of the new speakers of Wymysorys. He started to learn this language a year ago and now he uses it to communicate with his friends at school and through Facebook. She started to learn this language 3 years ago and a couple of months ago she passed her first Wymysorys exam. Educational materials with verb conjugation exercises in Wymysorys language. The illustrations, which depict everyday life of the Wilamowicean people, their traditional clothes, celebrations and landscapes, allow the reader to immerse himself in the Wilamowicean culture. The pictures were made by a Vilamovian- Justyna Majerska. This example breaks another stereotype about Wymysorys- that people from Wilamowicean community do not engage in the revitalization of their language.

The town is inhabited by a Germanic ethnic group of Vilamovians , who speak the highly endangered Wymysorys language. In this way, around , a group of colonists from the area of former Flanders came to the region, specifically from Friesland , near Bruges and established the settlement Wilamowice. In the course of history, the area has been part of several territorial border changes. Since the 15th century, the names used in official chronicles were the German versions Wilmeshau and Wilmesdorf for both the new and old Wilamowice respectively. Due to endogamy and geographical isolation of the settlement in a Polish language region near the German linguistic enclave around Bielsko-Biala , Wilamowice formed an independent language or dialect see: Wymysorys language since the Late Medieval Period , which was in use in everyday life until the end of the Second World War. The local language, however, was banned in the Polish People's Republic under the Soviet Occupation Forces and Soviet-backed communist regime , and the local population were partially Polonized. Although the language ban was lifted in during the " Polish October " revolution, attempts continued however to suppress the Wymysorys dialect from public life. Today, the Wymysorys dialect is still spoken by less than 70 native speaking residents—the elderly being the majority. Nevertheless, based on the self-identification of its users as a separate group from the Germans and the existence of a literary Wymysorys language or, to be more exact, micro-language , this ethnolect can be considered a separate language. See twin towns of Gmina Wilamowice.

Wymysorys

The written form of this dialect from the Luxembourg rule played an important role in the history of the German language for its balancing function between the written upper Austrian and southern German dialects and eastern Central dialects of central Germany , which later developed the spelling of Modern German writing Standard German. In the historical development of Prague, there were four periods, which were culturally and linguistically autonomous. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. German dialect of Prague, Czech Republic.

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Wymysorys has been for centuries mostly a spoken language. Amsterdam: Rodopi. While the distance between the town and the surrounding localities is often as little as a kilometre, Wilamowice, until the conclusion of the Second World War, was culturally and linguistically separate from its neighbours. As can be seen in figure 4. The Uerdingen Line 45 3. English is also distinct from this family in the extent of Romance and Scandinavian influence on the character of the lexicon and grammar. Learning Wymysorys part 2 Justyna Olko Education. Bremmer ; Weinreich, M. The same can also be said of Old Frisian. For a discussion on the nature of verb-second constructions across the Germanic languages see Harbert ; The New Routledge Dutch Dictionary. This means I earn a commission if you click on any of them and buy something.

In there were about 70 native speakers Wymysorys, the majority of whom were elderly. Wymysorys is not mutually intelligible with Standard German. The ancestors of the people of Wilamowice migrated to Poland during the 13th century from German, Flanders and Scotland.

The High German Sound Shift The High German Sound Shift refers to the system of changes whereby the voiceless stops of Germanic became fricatives and affricates while voiced stops became voiceless. The h- form is found almost exclusively in the Ingvaeonic and Low Franconian languages and in those varieties of Central German that were geographically contiguous to these languages. This is again evidence for a shared period of development between Wymysorys and varieties of Central German. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. In Linn, A. Languages of Poland. Slovani od preloma William Foley and Dr Jason Johnston it has been an absolute pleasure and indeed a privilege. Learnmore Kambizi. Tom Kamusella. With respect to these changes, Wymysorys has indeed monophthongised these vowels, although the modern surface forms do not necessarily correspond with the Modern German sounds. With specific regard to Wilamowice, it has been argued by critics of the German-origin theory such as Ryckeboer that rather than the Rhineland, the original colonists originated from Flanders, a theory supported by local folk-etymology and also by the poems of Florian Biesik, whose works, re-discovered in , comprise the largest written source of Wymysorys Wicherkiewicz ; , this is discussed in 1. Of the phonological innovations described in this chapter, three might be considered Ingvaeonic: the palatalisation of velar plosives section 3. The phenomenon in Dutch is more complex but also unrelated, as has been shown in Booij