Tripartite model of anxiety

The ability to differentiate anxiety and depression has been a topic of discussion in the adult and youth literatures for several decades. The tripartite model of anxiety tripartite model of anxiety depression proposed by Gayperps. Clark and D. Watson has helped focus the discussion.

Watson and Clark proposed the Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression to help explain the comorbidity between anxious and depressive symptoms and disorders. The ability to distinguish between anxiety and depression with this model may help increase diagnostic accuracy and help eliminate the complications that occur with comorbidity. Negative affect is the factor that is common to both anxiety and depression. Negative affect can be defined as, "the extent to which an individual feels upset or unpleasantly engaged, rather than peaceful". There is a substantial amount of empirical research on negative affect NA and its role in the tripartite model. For example, the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire MASQ [10] was administered to a sample of college students and a sample of psychiatric patients. In a large sample of school-aged children, NA was positively correlated with all anxiety and depression scales.

Tripartite model of anxiety

Although research from numerous investigations indicates that there is substantial overlap in anxiety and depressive symptoms and comorbid diagnoses in youth, these constructs can be adequately differentiated. Clark and Watson [Clark, L. Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, , ] proposed a tripartite model to account for the symptom overlap and diagnostic comorbidity between anxiety and depression. This tripartite model posits that anxiety and depression share a common component of negative affect, but can be differentiated by low positive affect associated with depression and high physiological hyperarousal associated with anxiety. The present article reviews initial research which has supported the utility of the tripartite model for explaining the association between anxiety and depression in adult and youth samples. Following that review, more recent investigations which have called into question the applicability of the tripartite constructs for youth are presented. Finally, the paper reviews evidence suggesting that the tripartite factors may not function similarly across all anxiety and depressive disorders. This article concludes by suggesting that more research is necessary with children and adolescents in order to determine the functioning of tripartite constructs across anxiety disorders in youth. Abstract Although research from numerous investigations indicates that there is substantial overlap in anxiety and depressive symptoms and comorbid diagnoses in youth, these constructs can be adequately differentiated. Publication types Review.

Exploring the symptom structure of anxiety and depression in student, adult, and patient samples. Mental health professionals' perception of the utility of children, mothers, and teachers as informants on childhood pathology.

We review psychometric and other evidence relevant to mixed anxiety-depression. Properties of anxiety and depression measures, including the convergent and discriminant validity of self- and clinical ratings, and interrater reliability, are examined in patient and normal samples. Results suggest that anxiety and depression can be reliably and validly assessed; moreover, although these disorders share a substantial component of general affective distress, they can be differentiated on the basis of factors specific to each syndrome. We also review evidence for these specific factors, examining the influence of context and scale content on ratings, factor analytic studies, and the role of low positive affect in depression. With these data, we argue for a tripartite structure consisting of general distress, physiological hyperarousal specific anxiety , and anhedonia specific depression , and we propose a diagnosis of mixed anxiety-depression. Abstract We review psychometric and other evidence relevant to mixed anxiety-depression.

Watson and Clark proposed the Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression to help explain the comorbidity between anxious and depressive symptoms and disorders. The ability to distinguish between anxiety and depression with this model may help increase diagnostic accuracy and help eliminate the complications that occur with comorbidity. Negative affect is the factor that is common to both anxiety and depression. Negative affect can be defined as, "the extent to which an individual feels upset or unpleasantly engaged, rather than peaceful". There is a substantial amount of empirical research on negative affect NA and its role in the tripartite model. For example, the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire MASQ [10] was administered to a sample of college students and a sample of psychiatric patients. In a large sample of school-aged children, NA was positively correlated with all anxiety and depression scales. Physiological hyperarousal is defined by increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, in response to threat. Compared to negative affect and positive affect, physiological hyperarousal has been studied less.

Tripartite model of anxiety

We review psychometric and other evidence relevant to mixed anxiety-depression. Properties of anxiety and depression measures, including the convergent and discriminant validity of self- and clinical ratings, and interrater reliability, are examined in patient and normal samples. Results suggest that anxiety and depression can be reliably and validly assessed; moreover, although these disorders share a substantial component of general affective distress, they can be differentiated on the basis of factors specific to each syndrome. We also review evidence for these specific factors, examining the influence of context and scale content on ratings, factor analytic studies, and the role of low positive affect in depression. With these data, we argue for a tripartite structure consisting of general distress, physiological hyperarousal specific anxiety , and anhedonia specific depression , and we propose a diagnosis of mixed anxiety-depression. Abstract We review psychometric and other evidence relevant to mixed anxiety-depression. Publication types Review.

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Inderbitzen, H. Google Scholar Keller, M. Mitchell, J. What I think and feel: A revised measure of children' manifest anxiety. Google Scholar Brady, E. This tripartite model posits that anxiety and depression share a common component of negative affect, but can be differentiated by low positive affect associated with depression and high physiological hyperarousal associated with anxiety. Internalizing disorders in children and adolescents. Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children. Depression and anxiety in children:Acomparison of self-report questionnaires to clinical interview. Jolly, J. Google Scholar Brown, T. Behaviour Change , 15, — Barlow, D. New York: Springer.

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The tripartite model of anxiety and depression proposed by L. Journal of Abnormal Psychology , , 15— Weiss, B. Download references. New York: Guilford. Lefkowitz, M. Reprints and permissions. Lipman, R. This study confirmed the PA aspect of the tripartite model. Distinguishing depression and anxiety in self-report: Evidence from confirmatory factor analysis on nonclinical and clinical samples. We also review evidence for these specific factors, examining the influence of context and scale content on ratings, factor analytic studies, and the role of low positive affect in depression. Google Scholar Foa, E. Lovibond, S. Beidel, D.