Noun wikipedia

A proper noun or proper name is a noun representing a unique thing like LondonJupiterJohn Hunternoun wikipedia, or Toyotaunlike a common nounwhich represents a type of thing like city noun wikipedia, planetperson or corporation.

In linguistics , a noun class is a particular category of nouns. A noun may belong to a given class because of the characteristic features of its referent , such as gender, animacy, shape, but such designations are often clearly conventional. Some authors use the term " grammatical gender " as a synonym of "noun class", but others consider these different concepts. Noun classes should not be confused with noun classifiers. Noun classes form a system of grammatical agreement. A noun in a given class may require:. Modern English expresses noun classes through the third person singular personal pronouns he male person , she female person , and it object, abstraction, or animal , and their other inflected forms.

Noun wikipedia

In linguistics , a count noun also countable noun is a noun that can be modified by a quantity and that occurs in both singular and plural forms, and that can co-occur with quantificational determiners like every , each , several , etc. A mass noun has none of these properties: It cannot be modified by a number, cannot occur in plural, and cannot co-occur with quantificational determiners. Below are examples of all the properties of count nouns holding for the count noun chair , but not for the mass noun furniture. Some determiners can be used with both mass and count nouns, including "some", "a lot of ", "no". Others cannot: "few" and "many" are used with count items, "little" and "much" with mass nouns. On the other hand, "fewer" is reserved for count and "less" for mass see Fewer vs. The concept of a "mass noun" is a grammatical concept and is not based on the innate nature of the object to which that noun refers. For example, "seven chairs" and "some furniture" could refer to exactly the same objects, with "seven chairs" referring to them as a collection of individual objects but with "some furniture" referring to them as a single undifferentiated unit. However, some abstract phenomena like "fun" and "hope" have properties which make it difficult to refer to them with a count noun. Classifiers are sometimes used as count nouns preceding mass nouns, in order to redirect the speaker's focus away from the mass nature. For example, "There's some furniture in the room" can be restated, with a change of focus, to "There are some pieces of furniture in the room"; and "let's have some fun " can be refocused as "Let's have a bit of fun ". In English, some nouns are used most frequently as mass nouns, with or without a classifier as in "Waiter, I'll have some coffee " or "Waiter, I'll have a cup of coffee " , but also, less frequently, as count nouns as in "Waiter, we'll have three coffees. Discussed by Barry Schein in , a new logical framework, called plural logic, has also been used for characterizing the semantics of count nouns and mass nouns. Some languages, such as Mandarin Chinese , treat all nouns as mass nouns, and need to make use of a noun classifier see Chinese classifier to add numerals and other quantifiers. The following examples are of nouns which, while seemingly innately countable, are still treated as mass nouns:.

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In grammar , a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence. In linguistics , nouns constitute a lexical category part of speech defined according to how its members combine with members of other lexical categories. The syntactic occurrence of nouns differs among languages. In English, prototypical nouns are common nouns or proper nouns that can occur with determiners , articles and attributive adjectives , and can function as the head of a noun phrase.

Common Noun: denotes a class of objects or a concept as opposed to a particular individual Collective Noun: denotes a group of people, animals, objects or concepts as a single entity. A noun is a kind of word see part of speech that is usually the name of something such as a person , place , thing , animal , or idea. In English , nouns can be singular or plural. Nouns often need a word called an article or determiner like the or that. These words usually do not go with other kinds of words like verbs or adverbs.

Noun wikipedia

In grammar , a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence. In linguistics , nouns constitute a lexical category part of speech defined according to how its members combine with members of other lexical categories. The syntactic occurrence of nouns differs among languages. In English, prototypical nouns are common nouns or proper nouns that can occur with determiners , articles and attributive adjectives , and can function as the head of a noun phrase. According to traditional and popular classification, pronouns are distinct from nouns, but in much modern theory they are considered a subclass of nouns. Word classes parts of speech were described by Sanskrit grammarians from at least the 5th century BC. All of these terms for "noun" were also words meaning "name". The word classes were defined partly by the grammatical forms that they take. In Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin, for example, nouns are categorized by gender and inflected for case and number.

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The situation is complicated by the fact that in some contexts a noun phrase may nonetheless be used without a determiner as in I like big houses ; in this case the phrase may be described as having a "null determiner". Historical documents from the early United States show some examples of this process: the end but not the beginning of the Declaration of Independence and all of the Constitution show nearly all nouns capitalized; the Bill of Rights capitalizes a few common nouns but not most of them; and the Thirteenth Constitutional Amendment capitalizes only proper nouns. Few proper names have only one possible referent: there are many places named New Haven ; Jupiter may refer to a planet, a god, a ship, a city in Florida, or a symphony; at least one person has been named Mata Hari , but so have a horse, a song, and three films; there are towns and people named Toyota , as well as the company. Verbs also may be nominalized through derivational processes , such as suffixes as in discovery from the verb discover or by simple conversion as with the noun love from the verb love. A simple example would be Lord of the Flies. Wiley-Blackwell, Use Straight Quotes. How adjectives become nouns [ change change source ] Most adjectives become nouns by adding the suffix - ness. Also in ancient Tamil like "Peyarchol" Uses of nouns [ change change source ] In English sentences , nouns can be used as a subject , object , or complement. Thus, some varieties may produce noun phrases like ten mile rather than ten miles while still using the plural morpheme in other contexts e. Some defining properties of English nouns are that they function as the heads of NPs and that they can be specified by determinatives and modified by pre-head adjective phrases.

A proper noun is a noun that identifies a single entity and is used to refer to that entity Africa ; Jupiter ; Sarah ; Walmart as distinguished from a common noun , which is a noun that refers to a class of entities continent, planet, person, corporation and may be used when referring to instances of a specific class a continent , another planet , these persons , our corporation. Proper nouns can also occur in secondary applications, for example modifying nouns the Mozart experience; his Azores adventure , or in the role of common nouns he's no Pavarotti ; a few would-be Napoleons.

One NP can be embedded inside another NP; for instance, some of his constituents has as a constituent the shorter NP his constituents. Authority control databases : National Czech Republic. Some determiners can be used with both mass and count nouns, including "some", "a lot of ", "no". For example, Londoner is capitalized because it derives from the proper name London , but it is not itself a proper name it can be limited: the Londoner , some Londoners. Sometimes neither is a proper noun a swede in the soup; a Swede who came to see me. Sometimes the capitalized variant is a proper noun the Moon ; dedicated to God ; Smith 's apprentice and the other variant is not the third moon of Saturn; a Greek god ; the smith 's apprentice. Contents move to sidebar hide. Sometimes the same word can be either a common noun or a proper noun, depending on how it is used; for example:. Related to nouns. For inanimate nouns, the locative case endings are attached directly if the noun is singular, and plural and indefinite number are marked by the suffixes -eta- and - e ta- , respectively, before the case ending this is in contrast to the non-locative cases, which follow a different system of number marking where the indefinite form of the ending is the most basic. The following examples are of nouns which, while seemingly innately countable, are still treated as mass nouns:. In a grouping, a single definite article at the head may be understood to cover for the others e. The gender of a pronoun must be appropriate for the item referred to: "The girl said the ring was from her new boyfriend , but he denied it was from him " three nouns; and three gendered pronouns: or four, if this her is counted as a possessive pronoun.