Graphitic carbon nitride

Carbon nitridealso known as graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4is a two-dimensional material composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms that are arranged in a hexagonal lattice structure, graphitic carbon nitride, similar to graphene. Carbon nitride is relatively stable, lightweight, and has a high surface areamaking it an excellent candidate for catalysis.

Open access peer-reviewed chapter. Edited by Nasser S. Graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4 , is a synthetic polymer made up of carbon, nitrogen, and some impurity hydrogen that is linked together using tris-triazine-based patterns. Because of the inclusion of N and H atoms, it has electron-rich characteristics, basic surface functions, and H-bonding motifs, compared to the bulk of carbon materials. A brief introduction to g-C3N4 is included in this chapter, as are the methods for synthesizing this material with various textural structures and surface morphologies, as well as its physicochemical properties. Furthermore, four parts of g-C3N4 applications are discussed.

Graphitic carbon nitride

Graphite carbon nitride g-C 3 N 4 is well known as one of the most promising materials for photocatalytic activities, such as CO 2 reduction and water splitting, and environmental remediation through the removal of organic pollutants. On the other hand, carbon nitride also pose outstanding properties and extensive application forecasts in the aspect of field emission properties. In this mini review, the novel structure, synthesis and preparation techniques of full-bodied g-C 3 N 4 -based composite and films were revealed. This mini review discussed contemporary advancement in the structure, synthesis, and diverse methods used for preparing g-C 3 N 4 nanostructured materials. The present study gives an account of full knowledge of the use of the exceptional structural and properties, and the preparation techniques of graphite carbon nitride g-C 3 N 4 and its applications. Paramasivam Shanmugam, Balaji Parasuraman, … A. Given the long forecast era of the Sun, solar energy is also considered the ultimate renewable source that can be harvested on the planet, Earth [ 2 , 3 ]. The unending and discontinuous nature of this energy source, however, presents key challenges in relationships of harvesting, storage, and utilization [ 4 ]. At the moment, there are a measure of technologies in place that may be used to face them. Solar energy can be flexibly gathered, transformed and kept in the form of heat, which can either distribute heat to residence or be further converted into electricity, as well as into other forms of energy [ 5 ]. The most innovative investigated technologies concerning solar photon gaining may be on those by the photocatalysis, as described by Edmond Becquerel, [ 5 ]. Predominantly, wastewater is the major source of pollution, specifically, wastewater produced due to chemical industrialization, because this wastewater contains pronounced concentration of large organic fragments which are tremendously poisonous and carcinogenic in nature [ 3 ].

In this review, we have summarized several strategies to improve graphitic carbon nitride photocatalytic performance of pristine g-C 3 N 4 such as pH, morphology control, doping with metal or non-metal elements, metal deposition, constructing a heterojunction or homojunction, dye-sensitization, and so forth. The hard-template technique, graphitic carbon nitride, in particular, necessitates the removal of the template in order to get the requisite g-C 3 N 4 structure.

The semiconductors, such as TiO 2 , CdS, ZnO, BiVO 4 , graphene, produce good applications in photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production, and great progress have been made in the synthesis and modification of the materials. As a two-dimensional layered structure material, graphitic carbon nitride g-C 3 N 4 , with the unique properties of high thermostability and chemical inertness, excellent semiconductive ability, affords good potential in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, the related low efficiency of g-C 3 N 4 with fast recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers, limited visible-light absorption, and low surface area of prepared bulk g-C 3 N 4 , has called out the challenge issues to synthesize and modify novel g-C 3 N 4 -block photocatalyst. In this review, we have summarized several strategies to improve the photocatalytic performance of pristine g-C 3 N 4 such as pH, morphology control, doping with metal or non-metal elements, metal deposition, constructing a heterojunction or homojunction, dye-sensitization, and so forth. The performances for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and possible development of g-C 3 N 4 materials are shared with the researchers interested in the relevant fields hereinto. With the development and progress of human society, environmental pollution and energy shortage have become two major problems that plague human beings. Hydrogen is considered as one of the best candidates for storing solar energy meeting the growing clean energy demand Chen et al.

In organic chemistry , carbon nitrides are compounds consisting only of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Carbon nitrides are also known as organic semiconductors with a band gap of 2. Due to its hydrogen-bonding motifs and electron-rich properties, this carbon material is considered a potential candidate for material applications in carbon supplementation. Dicyanopolyynes are composed of a chain of carbon atoms with alternating single and triple bonds, terminated by nitrogen atoms. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version.

Graphitic carbon nitride

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ACS Nano — Wang, Z. In its broadest sense, a template is a structure-directing agent. Three-dimensional porous g-C3N4 for highly efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting. Rational copolymerization strategy engineered C self-doped g-C 3 N 4 for efficient and robust solar photocatalytic H 2 evolution. There are other few methods similar to what Takanabe and his group used in their experiment, see Table 3. Thermal condensation, solvothermal, chemical vapor deposition, microwave-assisted, polymerization, and hydrothermal synthesis are examples of preparative strategies Table 2 which have been commendably applied in the preparation of carbon nitride for distinctive purposes and analysis in the area of photocatalysis and others [ 9 ]. Check for updates. To consider the efficacy of prepared g-C 3 N 4 , photocatalytic hydrogen evolution using crystalline carbon nitrides CNs was proposed by Takanabe and his group [ 76 ]. The targets of controllable morphologies in preparation of well-defined g-C 3 N 4 nanostructures to get larger specific surface area and more abundant reactive sites, reduced the recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers. Because of the inclusion of N and H atoms, it has electron-rich characteristics, basic surface functions, and H-bonding motifs, compared to the bulk of carbon materials. Niu et al.

Graphitic carbon nitride g-C 3 N 4 has a chemical composition of only carbon and nitrogen, having unique optoelectronic features, electrochemical performance, appropriate band gap, chemical inertness, superior mechanical and thermal stability, two-dimensional structure, outstanding chemical stability and configurable electronic structure, and has received significant research attention. These properties resulted in increasing research exploration for diverse applications and the foundation for the development of various products.

Environ Sci Technol — Journal of Materials Chemistry. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. The speeding up of photoreaction in the existence of a catalyst is described as photocatalysis. The hybridization of Ag with g-C 3 N 4 was applied for hydrogen evolution, and the photocatalysis was improved with the dye-sensitization under visible-light irradiation Schwinghanmmer et al. Using aminoguanidine hydrochloride as a precursor and SBA as rigid templates, highly ordered mesoporous g-C 3 N 4 with variable pore sizes was produced. The interesting tribological and electronic nature of graphitic carbon nitrides makes it possible to develop a method to deposit layers of graphitic carbon nitrides in a controlled manner; hence, graphene nitride can be obtained. Adv Mater 27 28 — Tonda S, Kumar S, Shanker V Surface plasmon resonance-induced photocatalysis by Au nanoparticles decorated mesoporous g-C3N4 nanosheets under direct sunlight irradiation. Mo, Z. Application of C 3 N 4 photocatalyst for wastewater treatment, solar energy utilization, environmental treatment, and biomedical and sensing applications has been discussed in many areas of science. Dyes Pigments , — Thus, there is little uncertainty that the massive advancement of g-C 3 N 4 nano-based particle will endure to develop in the near future. Scientific Reports. Published : 29 November